Preventing HIV infection in young women is key to creating an AIDS-free world. Cash transfers have been proposed as a key intervention to reducing HIV acquisition in young women. This is the first randomized controlled trial examining the effect of a cash transfer conditional on school attendance on HIV incidence in young women in sub-Saharan Africa. This study found that keeping girls in school significantly reduced their risk of HIV infection, however, cash transfers conditional on school attendance did not reduce HIV acquisition.
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