This study used data from a randomized controlled trial in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo to study the mechanisms by which a cash incentive intervention increases retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission services. Analysis compared results of 433 newly diagnosed HIV-positive women who received either the standard of care or the standard of care plus small and increasing payments (starting at USD$5 and increasing by $1 under various conditions. Results showed that better knowledge of PMTCT and a greater understanding of and belief in the effectiveness of ART were positively associated with higher adherence to PMTCT services. They also indicated that cash transfers may improve retention in PMTCT services by mitigating the barrier of not having money to come to the facility.
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